Banks and International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs) roles in the Non-Resident Biometric Verification Number (NRBVN) policy implementation have been itemized by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
According to the policy guidelines, the IMTOs are to integrate with the NRBVN platform as part of shared vision to build a secure, efficient, and inclusive financial ecosystem for Nigerians globally. The banks are to develop and offer products specifically tailored to meet the unique needs and preferences of the diaspora community, in significantly lifting dollar liquidity in the market.
Two stakeholders at the centre of the Non-Resident Biometric Verification Number (NRBVN) policy execution are the commercial banks and International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs).
Both segments of the economy play key roles in dollar inflows to the market and have been assigned specific roles by the Olayemi Cardoso-led Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in the NRBVN policy implementation.
Following the recent unveiling of NRBVN in Abuja, the CBN boss directed Nigerian banks to proactively develop and offer products specifically tailored to meet the unique needs and preferences of the diaspora community. The NRBVN launch is seen as a major step to keep remittances inflow to the country soaring and dollar liquidity strong.
Cardoso said that offering innovative and attractive financial solutions can greatly enhance diaspora participation, deepen financial inclusion, and significantly boost remittance inflows.
“Over the past year, our policy frameworks have undergone extensive refinements, informed by sustained dialogue with International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs). The introduction of the willing buyer, willing seller regime, licensing of additional IMTOs, and market reforms that have facilitated currency convergence are notable examples. Consequently, remittance flows through official channels have risen markedly, from $3.3 billion in 2023 to $4.73 billion last year,” he said.
He added: “With the introduction of NRBVN and complementary policy measures, we are optimistic about achieving our ambitious target of $1 billion in monthly remittance flows, a goal we believe is entirely achievable given the growing trust and convenience in formal remittance channels”.
“To meet these targets, collaboration and compliance with established regulatory frameworks remain essential. All stakeholders MUST adhere strictly to the FX Code and other relevant regulatory guidelines. This is critical to ensuring market stability, integrity, and overall confidence in Nigeria’s financial system.”
The CBN boss further invited the IMTOs to integrate with the NRBVN platform as part of shared vision to build a secure, efficient, and inclusive financial ecosystem for Nigerians globally.
Cardoso explained that a fully connected system will ensure that every Nigerian in the diaspora can confidently contribute to national development through trusted and cost-effective channels. He emphasized that the launch was not the final destination, but the beginning of a broader journey.
“The NRBVN is a dynamic initiative, one that will continue to evolve in response to the needs of its users. It presents a unique opportunity to learn, to innovate, and to adapt. We encourage all stakeholders to engage actively, share insights, and help shape a system that serves millions of Nigerians across geographies and generations. The NRBVN is not just a tool; it is a bridge between Nigeria and its global citizens,” he said.
He reiterated the CBN’s commitment to reducing the cost of remittances, currently averaging over seven percent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lowering these costs, he stated, will enhance the safety and appeal of formal channels while amplifying the socioeconomic impact of diaspora remittances on Nigerian households and the broader economy.
Statistics on dollar inflows via IMTOs
The value of foreign exchange inflows to the economy through the IMTOs rose sharply in 12 months to $4.76 billion, the apex bank’s quarterly statistical bulletin showed.
The report, which covered inflows in 2024, represents a significant 44.5 per cent increase from the $3.30 billion recorded in 2023. The IMTO inflows continue to be a vital source of foreign currency for Nigeria, supporting families, businesses, and the broader economy amid ongoing FX market challenges.
The year began with a strong performance in January 2024 as inflows surged 32.5 per cent year-on-year to $390.86 million, compared to $295.21 million in January 2023. This early momentum was maintained in February, with inflows increasing by 67.3 per cent, rising to $326.91 million from $195.23 million the previous year.
March continued the positive trend, with IMTO inflows hitting $363.76 million in 2024, up 30 per cent from $279.79 million in March 2023. April saw a leap, with inflows reaching $466.11 million, an 83.3 per cent increase from April 2023’s $254.26 million, marking the highest year-on-year percentage growth in the first half of the year.
May recorded inflows of $404.75 million in 2024, a 45.3 per cent rise compared to $278.54 million the year before.
June was a relatively flat month-on-month but still strong year-on-year, with inflows at $389.79 million, up 40.2 per cent from $278.04 million in June 2023. July and August were the standout months for IMTO inflows, posting the highest volumes of the year. In July 2024, inflows jumped to $552.94 million, more than double the $240.35 million recorded in July 2023, representing a 130% year-on-year increase.
August maintained this peak momentum with inflows rising to $585.21 million, a 116 per cent increase from $271.24 million in August 2023.
These two months alone accounted for nearly a quarter of the total inflows for the entire year, highlighting their critical role in Nigeria’s FX ecosystem.
The final four months of 2024 showed a mixed pattern of inflows, reflecting broader economic uncertainties and seasonal effects. September recorded $336.61 million in IMTO inflows, up 40.8 per cent from $238.98 million in the same month of 2023.
October’s inflows rose modestly to $378.85 million, a 29.1 per cent increase year-on-year. However, November saw a sharp decline, with inflows dropping by 22.1 per cent to $252.28 million from $324.20 million in November 2023.
December ended the year on a more positive note, with inflows rebounding to $316.59 million, a 9.1 per cent increase compared to $348.33 million in December 2023. The surge in IMTO inflows is closely tied to the reforms introduced by the CBN under Governor Cardoso since his assumption of office in September 2023.
Opportunities for diaspora remittances
According to President, Association of Bureaux De Change Operators of Nigeria, Aminu Gwadabe, there are over 1.24 million Nigerian Migrants abroad and 50 per cent of them lives within the African neighbour hood, and the figure is expected to rise in the coming years.
Gwadabe listed importance of migrant remittances to the economy to include serving as a lifeline for the recipients small house hold in the economy and used for health, nutrition, education and societal needs.
The remittances are also higher than both Foreign Direct Investment and foreign aids flow to the economy and still, are cheaper sources of funds.
He said that remittances can be used infrastructural developments as seen in India and Lebanon while in the Dubai UAE, the remittances are stable sources of liquidity in the Market. The remittances, he added, can also serve as excellent source of investments funds in the economy even as it represent 83 per cent of the Federal Government budget in 2018.
The remittances were 11 times higher than the FDIs in the same period and 7.4 per cent larger than the net official development assistance received in 2017 of $3. 34 billion in the economy.
In a report: “Diaspora remittances: The power behind Africa’s sustainable growth”, Regional Vice President of Africa at Western Union, Mohamed Touhami el Ouazzani, said remittances may be measured through the movement of money, but their real impact is measured in lives changed.
He disclosed that in 2023 alone, $90 billion flowed into Africa from its global diaspora, an amount that rivals the Gross Domestic Product of entire nations.
He said that remittances symbolize deep ties that keep communities connected across borders. “Families with a breadwinner working abroad depend on these funds to provide vital support for day-to-day needs. They also build the foundation for broader financial stability,” he said.
“Beyond their immediate impact, remittances are powerful drivers of economic change. They fuel infrastructure development, spur entrepreneurship, and promote financial inclusion – all essential for long-term economic development. Ghana’s National Financial Inclusion and Development Strategy (NFIDS) is simplifying access to remittances, while countries like Kenya, Ethiopia and Nigeria are tapping into diaspora bonds to fund infrastructure and other national projects,” he added.
Impact on financial inclusion
Financial inclusion is achieved when adult Nigerians have easy access to a broad range of formal financial services that meet their needs at an affordable cost. The services include, but are not limited to, payments, savings, loans, insurance, and pension products.
Its importance derives from the promise it holds as a tool for economic development, particularly in the areas of poverty reduction, employment generation, wealth creation and improving welfare and general standard of living.
Recognising the inherent benefits of expanding financial services network, especially to Nigerians in diaspora, the CBN said NRBVN will boost financial inclusion in the country.
Cardoso explained that historically, Nigerians in the diaspora have faced significant hurdles when seeking access to financial services in Nigeria.
The mandatory physical verification required for obtaining a BVN often incurred considerable costs in terms of time and financial resources, especially for individuals residing in remote locations. The NRBVN platform addresses these very concerns. Through digital verification and robust Know Your Customer (KYC) processes, Nigerians across the globe can now remotely obtain their BVN swiftly and securely.
This single digital gateway will enable seamless access to banking services, including opening accounts and securely sending funds, dramatically enhancing convenience and reducing costs.
“In developing this solution, we draw valuable lessons from countries such as India and Pakistan. India’s Non-Resident External (NRE) and Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) accounts have significantly simplified banking processes for its diaspora, and Indian banks currently hold approximately $160 billion in diaspora deposits, achieved by providing attractive and tailored products and services,” he said.
According to the CBN boss, in developing the NRBVN, the team also took cognizance of Pakistan’s innovative Roshan Digital Account, offering fully online onboarding and investment opportunities and successfully attracting nearly $10 billion since its inception.
These examples, Cardoso explained underscore the power of digital financial inclusion and specifically tailored products in driving meaningful engagement and substantial economic inflows from diaspora populations.
“Our NRBVN platform is similarly designed to offer more than access, it is about opportunity. It is complemented by the Non-Resident Ordinary Account (NROA) and Non-Resident Investment Account (NRNIA) initiatives, collectively forming a robust framework designed to incentivize our global diaspora to channel their funds through formal financial systems into productive uses at home.”
“By providing investment accounts, diasporans will have access to a variety of growing investment opportunities in our debt and equities markets, as well as products such as mortgages, insurance, and pensions. Importantly, diasporans will also have the flexibility to fully repatriate the proceeds of their investments in accordance with existing regulations, ensuring confidence and convenience in managing their assets,” he said.
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